गुरुवार, 29 मई 2014

Letter to SAIL Chairman

Letter to Chairman in FORSE Letter Pad

SPEEDPOST
Forse/Ch/0314
June 27, 2014
To
Sri C.S. Verma,
Chairman,
Steel Authority of India Ltd.
Ispat Bhawan, Lodhi Road,
NEW DELHI-110003.
          Sub: Request for Appointment for a Meeting with you
Ref: Our letterNos. Forse/Ch/0114 dated 18th March and Forse/Ch/0214 dated May 26, 2014
Dear Sir,
Please refer to our above letters in which we explained the woes of and issues concerning the Retired Employees of SAIL and explained the need of a Meeting with you as we feel that SAIL need to do more for its Retirees. Perhaps communication channels are getting clogged due to various reasons and our pathetic stories are not reaching your ears in proper format. Hence we are pursuing this new path of establishing fresh channels as a collective. Since the DPE OMs mentioned in our earlier letters originated on the persuasion and hard work done by SCOPE we feel that now being the Chairman of both SCOPE and SAIL you will initiate fresh action with renewed effort to help the retired Employees of SAIL who are in dire need of your sympathetic considerations.
We request you to please fix a date and time as per your convenience ( with 7-10 days of advance intimation to us) for a meeting with us to give you first hand account of the condition of Early Retirees and help you in finding solution.
With regards,


Yours sincerely,

(V.N.Sharma)
Chairman

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

SPEEDPOST
No. Forse/Ch/0214
May 26, 2014
To
Sri C.S. Verma,
Chairman,
Steel Authority of India Ltd.
Ispat Bhawan, Lodhi Road,
NEW DELHI-110003.
        Sub: Appointment for a Meeting with you
 Ref: Our letter No. Forse/Ch/0114 dated March 18, 2014 and SAIL’s letter Nos.PER/Coordn/Grievance/14/04/7 and PER/Coordn/ Grievance /14/05/8 dated 3rd May and 8th May 2014 (copies enclosed)
Dear Sir,
Please refer to our above letter seeking appointment with you to discuss the issues concerning retired employees of SAIL, most of whom are in their twilight years. We are sorry to point out that it was not even acknowledged, not to talk of granting appointment for the meeting. In the meantime, we are in receipt of two letters from SAIL which were replied against our Appeal to the President of India via CPGRAMS. We fail to understand the reason for the indiscrete silence of SAIL on our communication.
1.   We would like to convey that SAIL has repeatedly been harping, including in the letter dated 3rd and 9th May 2014, on the prevailing retirement benefits given to its retired employees. No body knows this better than us because we are the beneficiaries of advantages/disadvantages of the existing schemes whereas the current set of Managers and employees look at it only on paper.
2.   Sir, I would like to draw your kind attention to the fact and make it clear that our problem is not the existing schemes but the explicit opposition of SAIL to the schemes to be formulated for ‘creation of a corpus for retired employees of SAIL with 1.5% of the PBT’ under the DPE advice vide their various OMs including those dated 08th July 2009 and 20th July 2011. I must reiterate that the OMs of DPE were formulated after a lot of consultation between various Ministries, SCOPE and CPSEs on the ever deteriorating condition of the retired employees, most of whom were from the pioneering batches of the CPSEs, due to continuous price rise, higher expenses on health care etc. These OMs must be construed as the commitment of the Govt. Of India towards the builder of modern India, the output of whose hard work in the then prevailing difficult conditions are enjoyed today by the current set of employees as well as the people of this country. I would like to mention that Late Dr. P.L. Agrawal, one of the early Chairman of SAIL has already revealed his anguish on the ever deteriorating Steel Man’s quality of life in his book ‘Journey of A Steel Man’ (p. 29).
3.   It would not be out of place to mention that other CPSEs like Oil sector companies, BHEL etc were all giving similar or better retirement benefits to their employees in the past as SAIL was giving but in spite of that they have implemented the DPE OMs with more than 1.5% of the PBT for their retired employees. We may like to put it on record that by not doing the same SAIL will ultimately be considered and listed as a bad employer by the past, present and future employees which will only ensure a downward journey for the Company in future.
4.   Sir, before we close this letter we would like to bring to your kind notice the extremely negative terms and conditions of the Mediclaim policy under the agreement between SAIL and Insurance company, like the low amount of coverage for both OPD and hospitalisation, and various tests, list of Cappings, important exclusions etc, compounded by the inefficient operation of the policy by the TPA in terms of I-cards not issued even after 5 months, delayed approval and payment of Bills by months and indifference of SAIL’s offices responsible to manage, co-ordinate and supervise the Mediclaim scheme, leaves nothing for SAIL to boast of its Healthcare mechanism for the retired employees.
In view of the above and also that communication channels between retired employees and SAIL management is getting clogged due to SAIL being a big Company I, on behalf of the Federation and its members, request you to kindly take some time out as per your convenience and seriously consider giving us appointment to explain our condition and the urgent need for formulating schemes to take care of our needs and improvement in the Mediclaim policy/ Healthcare schemes. It would not be out of place to say that a good number of us are in our twilight years and we are not left with sufficient time to wait and watch for the policy formulation and implementation with ease.
With regards,
Yours faithfully,

 (V.N.Sharma) 
Encl: xerox copies of 3 letters





SPEEDPOST
No. Forse/Ch/0114
March 18, 2014
To
Sri C.S. Verma,
Chairman,
Steel Authority of India Ltd.
Ispat Bhawan, Lodhi Road,
NEW DELHI-110003.
       Sub: Introducing ourselves and seeking appointment for a Meeting
Dear Sir,
I would like to draw your kind attention to the fact that in a meeting held on 1st & 2nd March 2014 at Rourkela, it was resolved to form a Federation of Retired SAIL Employees, an Apex Body of all the Associations of Retired Employees of SAIL, plants and units with its registered office at Rourkela (copy enclosed). The formalities for its registration are getting completed. 
During the discussion, the representatives of the Member Associations expressed the miserable condition of a large number of ea rly retirees who are in extremely difficult physical and financial conditions in their twilight years. Also came into the discussion the SAIL Mediclaim policy with large number of capping, repudiation of bonafide claims and its inept handling of Insurance company and TPA in implementation. 
In view of this we request you to kindly give us some time, as per your convenience, for a meeting with you to discuss the issues concerning the Retired SAIL Employees and the ways to help them to ensure an honourable survival. 
We propose a broad Agenda for the meeting as (i) post-Retirement Benefits, (ii) improvement in SAIL Medical facility/ SAIL Mediclaim Policy and its operational procedures and (iii) considering the Retired Employees as a part of SAIL Family and making their life more meaningful as senior citizen. These will be detailed after getting the date from you.
With regards,
Yours faithfully,

 (V.N.Sharma) 
Encl: xerox copy of the Resolution (3 pages) 





मंगलवार, 4 मार्च 2014

Mediclaim Guidebook for 2014

Dear Members,

The Guidebook for Mediclaim 2014 is published as softcopy in pdf format (attached ) and is also available online in this link http://emeditek.in/sailweb/Download/Guidebook.pdf
It provides the details incl a list of OPD and Cashless Hospitals. May pl. preserve a soft or hard copy for your reference. 

बुधवार, 19 फ़रवरी 2014

Letter to SAIL Chairman: Re-enrolment in Mediclaim Insurance for those who missed it

REGISTERED
No. SEEA/MC/0114
Feb20, 2014
To
Sri C.S.Verma,
Chairman,
Steel Authority of India Ltd.,
Ispat Bhawan, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi-110003.       
Sub:  Re-enrolment in Mediclaim Insurance for those who missed it 
Ref:  Our letter Nos. SEEA/MC/0612 dated Jan.27, 2012 & 1112 dated
          May 12, 2012
Dear Sir,
For a few years now we have been requesting SAIL authorities to permit renewal of the SAIL Mediclaim Scheme for those of the ex-Employees who missed inadvertently the opportunity to renew their membership within the prescribed period. Such people could not renew the policy in time because of their absence from place of permanent residence, delayed postal delivery or some disturbing happening in the family. I provided the example of our members like Sri R.P. Singh, ex-MD, BSP and Dr.Suresh Jha Ajit, ex-Director, National Institute of Foundry & Forge Technology, Ranchi, earlier GM MTI/SAIL in earlier letters. The former is settled in Ranchi but does not have medical card to avail the medical facilities in Ispat Hospital, Ranchi. There are some more of similar kind. I do not think bad intentions can be assigned to any of those who failed to renew their membership of Mediclaim Policy. It was also noted in our recent AGM that such chance failures have led to costly sacrifices in some cases.  No response has been received from SAIL. I understand from other such retirees that they have also not received any reply to their representations. Such silence on part of SAIL leads to unintentional punishment – sometime to life – and creation of inequality between different Ex-Employees in distribution of social security benefits because of missed opportunity due to various reasons as mentioned above. We also feel that SAIL will not be a looser for permitting re-entry for such unfortunate Ex-Employees to the SAIL Mediclaim Scheme.
In the light of this we request you to please agree to inclusion/ regularization of such Ex-Employees, who missed the continuity, with a nominal charges into the Mediclaim Policy/ Scheme. I also propose to you Sir, to extend the date, if necessary, by a month or so for helping their inclusion in Mediclaim Scheme and oblige us.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

(V.N.Sharma)
President

रविवार, 16 फ़रवरी 2014

Date of Mediclaim Form submission extended to 28th Feb 2014

SAIL has extended the date for submission of renewal form and Employees contribution for Mediclaim till 28th Feb 2014. Anybody who missed the boat earlier may submit his form and fees till 28th Feb.

--
डा वी एन शर्मा / Dr.V.N.Sharma
Cell No.9431102680,

मंगलवार, 4 फ़रवरी 2014

Final Date for Meeting at Rourkela is March 01-02, 2014 & Draft Constitution

4th Feb 2014
Dear Friends and Members,

In pursuance of the decisions taken in a formal Meeting of various Unit Associations of Ex-Employees of SAIL held at Rourkela on Jan 11-12, 2014 (May pl. refer to item 6 of the attached file)  a Meeting of the representatives of the Associations of Ex-Employees of all SAIL Units has been fixed for March 1-2, 2014 (Sat-Sun) at Rourkela. Please book your journey tickets to and fro Rourkela to participate in the meeting. Let us meet at Rourkela and act fast and act in +ve direction for the welfare of the Ex-Employees.  

Following the decisions of the meeting referred to above a meeting was held at Rourkela on Jan 31 (informal with Sri Suresh Gupta founder Chairman, SEFI and Sri Mohit Dash, a long time SEFI veteran) - Feb 01 (formal) 2014 which was attended by me alongwith other members of Rourkela Retired Employees Association. 

In addition the meeting discussed the various pros and cons of the draft Bye-Laws and Constitution for the Apex Body/ Federation to be formed and decided to forward it to all the members for suggestion for necessary improvement and changes so that the Bye-Laws is approved in the March 01-02 meeting at Rourkela and the Apex Body is given a final shape (We have already delayed it).  

NOTES:
  1. Draft Constitution and Bye-Laws is given below. Pl. also look into your e-mail Inbox.
  2. An agenda with other details will be sent within this week. 
  3. Please get in touch with Sri Abhay Das, President, Rourkela Retired Employees Association. His e-mail id is abhaykumardas@gmail.com and Cell: 09437221963 for stay arrangement etc. required by you on arrival in Rourkela. 
  4. Rourkela is located on Howrah-Mumbai Main line and is fairly well connected with other parts of India through direct fast trains. Hence booking of tickets should not be a problem if you initiate now.
  5. For clarification or in case of difficulty please contact me. 

--
डा वी एन शर्मा / Dr.V.N.Sharma
Cell No.9431102680,

DRAFT

SAIL EX-EMPLOYEES’ FEDERATION OF INDIA 

RESOLUTION

A General Body Meeting of SAIL Ex-Employees Federation of India held under the Chairmanship of ……………………… dated ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. 
1)    It was unanimously resolved that the Society “SAIL Ex-Employees Federation of India” should be registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI, 1860.
2)    It was also resolved unanimously that the General Secretary of SAIL Ex-Employees Federation of India is authorized to get the Federation registered under the aforesaid Act.
 Certified that this is the true and correct copy of the Resolution


(………………………………)                                           (-------------------------)
     Chairman                                                           General Secretary           




SAIL EX-EMPLOYEES’ FEDERATION OF INDIA 
 Memorandum of Association and Constitution and Rules
Memorandum of Association
1.           Name of the Society: SAIL EX-EMPLOYEES’ FEDERATION OF INDIA in short “SEEFI”.  The Society shall hereafter be referred to as “the Federation”. It shall be a non-profit organization.
2.           Registered office of the Federation: ……………………………………………………………………………………...The working office of the Federation shall be ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3.           The Federation shall cover the whole of India.
4.           Aims and Objects and day-to-day activity of the Federation shall be woven around
i)              To promote and extend Human and Financial Assistance to its members.
ii)           To work for and promote welfare of its members through the Unit Associations and Steel Authority of India Ltd. And their various offices, plants and units.
iii)         To establish and maintain mutual relationship of understanding and trust with Steel Authority of India Limited and other appropriate authorities. like SAIL Plants/ Units, Government of India, Government of the States and the Union Territories and other Public sector undertakings, if and when necessary, on the issues like
a)      the need for extending welfare programmes and policies to the members with respect to financial relief and improved medical assistance
b)      the extension and implementation of all schemes and policies related to Senior Citizens.
iv)    To co-ordinate with SAIL and its Plants/ Units and the Unit Associations on the issues like
a)           utilization of professional information and knowledge of the Members for advancement of the Steel Industry,
b)           gainful utilization of the Members in advisory role in peripheral development and CSR programmes of SAIL and their Units,
c)            engaging the members of the concerned Units productively for the benefit of the Plant/Unit and the Society.
d)           to consider the Members part of the SAIL Family.
v)           To function as an Apex Body and render full assistance to constituent Associations as and when necessary. 
5.      The management of the affairs of the Federation and its properties shall be entrusted to a Governing Board, which shall function in accordance with provisions contained in the constitution and rules adopted by the general Council including amendment from time to time.
6.      The names, addresses and description of the members of the Governing Board, on which the administration of affairs of the Federation has been entrusted according to its rules, are given below.

S.No
Name
Father’s/ Husband’s name
Address
Occupation
Position in SEEFI
1





2





3





4





5





6





7





8







7.   We the undersigned, whose names and addresses are given below, are desirous of being formed into an association in pursuance of this memorandum of association under the Societies Registration Act no. XXI of 1860.
S.No
Name
Father’s/ Husband’s name
Address 
Occupation
Signature
1





2





3





4





5





6





7





8.





9.





10.





11.





12.





13.





14.





15.





16






                                                                                                                    Chairman                                                                                    General Secretary

Attested Signatures of all ….. persons listed above
DRAFT

Constitution and Rules
of
SAIL EX-EMPLOYEES’ FEDERATION OF INDIA

ARTICLE– I  DEFINITION
a)    ‘Unit Association’ means a registered Association of a minimum of 50 Ex-Employees of SAIL located in the Plants/ Units affiliated to the Federation.
b)    ‘Member’ means bonafide member of a constituent unit.
c)     ‘Council’ means the Apex Council constituted under Article VII hereunder.
d)    ‘Council member’ means a member nominated to the council by a Unit Association under Article-VII herein under.
e)    ‘SAIL’ means Corporate Office of SAIL
f)      ‘SAIL Plants/ Units’ mean the Plants, Units and offices of SAIL
g)    ‘Financial year’ means period from 1st April to 31 March
h)    ‘Term of the Council’ means period of two years from 1st July to 30th June or till the next Council is elected.
i)       ‘Auditor’ means an Auditor appointed by the Council
ARTICLE-II AFFILIATION
The Registered Associations of Ex-Employees of SAIL Plants / Units shall be eligible for affiliation to the Federation. Such affiliation shall be granted at the discretion of the Council.
ARTICLE –III MEMBERSHIP
Every bona fide member of each of the Unit Associations shall automatically become member of the Federation, and shall continue to be so, as long as he/ she continues to remain a member of any of the Unit Association.

ARTICLE –IV SUBSCRIPTION
a)    Every Unit Association shall pay an Affiliation Fee of Rupees Five thousand alongwith the Application for affiliation to the Federation in one instalment.
b)    Every affiliated Unit Association shall pay an Annual Subscription of Rupees Twenty Five thousand only to the Federation in one instalment by 30th April each year.
c)     Besides Annual Subscription, each Unit shall pay such additional Subscription / Contribution as may be required by the Federation. Such additional Subscription / Contribution shall not exceed Rupee Fifty (Re.50/-) only per member per annum.
d)    Failure to pay annual additional subscription as per Clause (b) and / or (c) above by a Unit will render the Unit liable to such action, including withdrawal of affiliation, as may be deemed fit by the Federation.
ARTICLE-V- FUNDS
a)    The fund of the Federation will be raised through one or more of the following.
i)                   Subscription from Units as in Article- IV b) above
ii)                Additional subscription / contribution form Unit Associations as in Article- IV c) above.
iii)              Any other source as may be approved by the Council, including donation from Unit(s) / members, grant from Government, Public Sector Plants/organizations.
iv)              A share in income from entrepreneurial activities of the Federation / Unit Associations or of an individual member or a group of members in cases where the Federation / Unit Associations has been the initiating and catalyzing factor
b)    The funds raised shall be deposited with scheduled Bank (s) and be available for ready withdrawal to the extent necessary.
c)     The Federation may invest surplus fund in interest bearing term-deposit with Scheduled Bank(s) and or Government Securities.
d)    The bank account as well as investment shall be operated under the joint Signature of any two of the five office bearers as specified hereunder.
i)                   Chairman.
ii)                Vice-Chairman (nominated by the Council for this purpose)
iii)              General Secretary
iv)              Treasurer
v)                Joint Secretary  
e)    Each payment shall be made as per sanction of the General Secretary for cause of the Federation and or/ Unit(s) and /or its member (s), subject to the guidance of the Council.
ARTICLE –VI-ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT
a)    Cash Book, receipt of expenses/ vouchers shall be maintained by the Treasurer with a view to facilitate audit of the accounts of the Federation by a qualified Auditor.
b)    The Auditor will be appointed by the Council and will normally hold office for a year.
c)     An Income and Expenditure sheet with sufficient details shall be presented in each Council Meeting by the Treasurer.
d)    An Audited Account of Income and Expenditure shall be presented in the Annual Council Meeting to be held in April each year by the Treasurer.
ARTICLE VII- APEX COUNCIL, OFFICE BEARES AND ELECTION
a)    Apex Council
i)       The Council shall be constituted by Council Members nominated by the Unit Associations for this purpose. Each Unit shall nominate three members to the Council from amongst the members of their Executive Committee / Governing Body within 31st May of each year, ensuring representation of at least one member from Executive category and another from non-Executive category.
ii)    The Council shall be the Governing Body of the Federation and shall exercise all such powers and shall do all such acts as may be necessary for the furtherance of the objects of the Federation.
iii)  The immediate past General Secretary of the Federation shall be an ex-officio member of the Council for the next term, if not already nomited as a Council member, and if he does not cease to be member of any of the Unit Associations.
iv)  The term of each Council Member shall be two years from the date of election.  
v)    A Unit may replace a Council Member, earlier nominated by it, by another nominated member, and this latter Council Member also shall have to be from amongst the members of the Executive / Committee / Governing Body of the Concerned Unit ensuring the conditions laid down in sub-para a) i) above.
vi)  The term of a Council Member, who has replaced another Council Member before expiry of the term of first mentioned Council Member as per Clause (i) above, shall be the Member only for the remaining period of the Council’s tenure.
b)    Office Bearers :
i)                   Chairman-1
ii)                Vice-Chairmen-3
iii)              General secretary-1
iv)              Deputy General Secretary-3
v)                Treasurer-1
vi)              Jt Treasurer-1
c)    Election :
i)                   The office bearers shall be elected by 30th June in every alternate year by and amongst the Council Members by simple majority vote and shall normally hold office for the term. The Ex-officio Council Member shall not hold any post of Office bearers.  
ii)                The Chairman and the General Secretary of the Federation shall not hold any office after completing two consecutive terms.
iii)              The Unit Associations attending less than 75% of the Council meetings in a term shall be debarred from participating in the election of the Office bearers for the next term.
ARTICLE –VIII -REMOVAL/RESIGNATION OF OFFICE-BEARERS.
a)    Any or more of the Office Bearers can be removed from the office held by him / them by adoption of a resolution to this effect by simple majority vote, provided at last one month’s notice to this effect has been given to all the Council Members. The notice for the purpose shall be deemed sufficient and proper if sent to all the Council Members present in the country at that time by Registered post/ Speedpost.
b)    Any of the Office Bearers can resign from the post by giving similar notice as above, to all members. The notice in such a case shall have to be approved by the  Executive Committee / Governing Body of  the concerned unit and countersigned by the General Secretary / Secretary of the unit. Such resignation shall become effective upon acceptance by the Council.
c)     Any vacancy in the post of any office bearer shall be filled up from amongst the Council Member in terms of Article VII, Clause (c).
ARTICLE – IX-DUTIES OF OFFICE BEARERS
a)    The Chairman or in his absence one of the Vice-Chairmen shall preside over the Council meetings.
b)    The General Secretary shall be the Executive in charge responsible for implementation of all the decisions of the Council. He shall convene the council meeting and shall be responsible for maintaining the assets and records of the Federation including minutes of the meetings. He shall act under the General guidance of the council for the cause of the Federation and its Units / members. In absence of the Council the General Secretary will act in consultation with the Chairman
c)     He shall promptly post the copies of minutes of the Council meeting to the General Secretary / Secretary of the Units. He shall forward all the documents concerning financial transaction to the Treasurer. He shall be assisted by Dy. General Secretaries.
d)    The Treasurer shall be the custodian of the funds of the federation and its accounts and book and record keeping related to Finance.
ARTICLE –X   - MEETINGS AND QUORUM
a)    The council shall meet at least once in every six months.
b)    Quorum for Council in meetings shall be half the units affiliated and 1/3 (one third) of the strength of the members.
c)     For a council meeting minimum fifteen days notice shall be given to each Council member except in case of Emergency / Extra ordinary meetings.
d)    The notice of council meeting shall specify date, time, place of meeting and the agenda.
e)    Copies of the notices of the Council meeting shall be endorsed to the General Secretary/ secretary of the concerned Unit.
f)      A substitute member can attend the meeting in place of a regular member of his/ her Unit and shall have all the rights and responsibilities of the regular Member provided the substituting member has formal authorization from his Unit President/ General Secretary.
g)    A Unit may also send at any Council meeting not more than two of its Executive Committee / Governing Body members to be observes, with advance notice to the General Secretary of the Federation, Such notices shall contain name of each observer and the post he holds in the Unit. With permission of the Chairman at the Council meeting the observers may participate in the deliberations but they shall not have any right to vote.
h)    An Emergency Meeting of the Council may be convened by the General Secretary of the Federation, on written request / application from a minimum of 4 Unit (s) or 25% of the Units whichever is less, on a fixed agenda within one month of the receipt of such request / application, if no Council meeting is otherwise held within that period. 
ARTICLE XI - POWERS OF THE COUNCIL
a)    The Council shall be the Governing Body of the Federation and shall exercise all such powers and shall do all such acts as may be necessary for furtherance of the Aims and Objects of the Federation as defined in Article-II.
b)    The Council shall have the powers to appoint Sub-committee / Committee for such purpose as may be felt necessary. Such Committee may include person (s) other than the Council Members.
c)     The decision(s) of the Federation will be communicated to the Unit Association for further action.
d)    The Federation shall normally decide all the issues by consensus. In the event of difference of opinion, if any, the issue will be decided by simple majority vote of the Council Members. The Ex-officio member will have no right to vote. The Chairman will exercise right of vote in the event of a tie.
e)    Each Unit shall keep the Council informed of all the developments/ action at individual unit level.
ARTICLE –XII-AMENDMENT
The Constitution may be amended by the Council in a meeting to be held specifically for this purpose. Notice and quorum requirement for such meetings will be as detailed in Article X. Any amendment to the Constitution will require minimum of 2/3rd (Two Third) majority of the Council members present.  

ARTICLE –XIII-LIQUIDATION
In case at least two third of the Units resolve through their respective General Body Meetings, duly notified and held seeking dissolution of the Federation, the Federation will stand liquidated. In the event of the liquidation, the assets and liabilities in the name of the Federation shall stand equitably distributed amongst the Unit Associations.